A state informer convicted of murder over the alleged staging of fake bomb attacks in Kampala has accused former deputy Chief of Military Intelligence (CMI) commander Brig Gen Abdul Rugumayo of torturing him and pressuring him to implicate detained Gen James Birungi in the operations.
Hamza Lyavala, who was convicted alongside Adil Walusansa after pleading guilty to murder, told the General Court Martial in Makindye that Rugumayo wanted him to claim that Birungi had provided Shs 10 million to facilitate the alleged bomb missions, a claim he said was false.
Birungi, who has been in detention for more than a year on charges of treachery and security-related offences, is expected to appear before the court later today for the hearing of his bail application.
Birungi was among several senior army officers arrested following the Munyonyo and Kalerwe incidents. Testifying during the trial of his co-accused, Lt Col Ephraim Byaruhanga, Lyavala said Rugumayo also wanted him to state that he had met Birungi after the latter handed over his office to Maj Gen Richard Otto.
“He wanted me to implicate Gen Birungi, which I didn’t. He even gave me words and phrases to falsely accuse Gen Birungi,” Lyavala testified.
He said the pressure arose while he was recording a statement at the Special Investigations Bureau of the Uganda People’s Defence Forces (UPDF) in Mbuya in June 2025.
Lyavala made the allegations during cross-examination by defence lawyer Frank Kanduho before a court chaired by Brig Gen Richard Tukacungurwa. He said he recorded a 69-page statement over three days — June 22, 27 and 29, 2025 — in the presence of several intelligence officers, including Rugumayo, Maj Habyarimana, Maj Ssekajja and, on the final day, Maj Okumu.
Asked whether he had recorded a statement, Lyavala said his initial account was torn up by Rugumayo because it did not contain the allegations the general allegedly wanted him to make against Birungi.
“I was being interrogated by Gen Rugumayo. He was very harsh on my side. He tore my first statement, and later I wrote down another one,” he testified.
Lyavala said his first statement contained the facts as he knew them, but Rugumayo was dissatisfied because he had not implicated Birungi.
“He tore the first one because he didn’t find it satisfactory to his interests, but those were the facts I knew,” he said.
The witness further alleged that Rugumayo wanted him to tell investigators that Birungi had given the group Shs 10 million to facilitate the alleged bomb missions.
“He wanted me to tell the committee that Gen Birungi sent us Shs 10 million to facilitate the fake bomb missions, yet it was not true,” Lyavala testified.
Lyavala said he was arrested on June 21, 2025, and recorded his first statement the following day. He said he made another statement on June 29 after what he described as torture by Rugumayo.
The allegations against Rugumayo were made during court proceedings and have not been independently established.
From ADF to government informer
Lyavala also gave the court an account of his alleged involvement in intelligence operations preceding the Munyonyo and Kalerwe incidents, saying he had moved from membership of the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) to working as a government informer.
He testified that he joined the ADF around 2022 before becoming involved with the Pan Ugandan Liberation Initiative (PULI), a breakaway faction formed by members opposed to the ADF’s association with the Islamic State.
According to Lyavala, members of rival factions sought his assistance because he was educated and had begun practising Islam. He told the court that PULI members manufactured 15 explosive devices and that Isaac Thomas, a son of former ADF leader Jamilu Mukulu, instructed them to identify targets.
Alarmed by the activities, Lyavala said he sought to surrender to the authorities and obtain forgiveness. Through his guardian, Twaliha Batambuze, he was linked to Kampala minister Hajjat Minsa Kabanda, who took him to the then-CMI commander, Gen Abel Kandiho.
Lyavala said Kandiho and Kabanda subsequently took him to meet President Yoweri Museveni, where he confessed to his activities and provided information about the ADF.
He testified that Museveni forgave him and directed him to continue working with Kandiho as an informer. According to Lyavala, his subsequent intelligence work led to operations in which four groups were arrested and firearms recovered, including a PK machine gun, seven pistols and two AK-47 rifles.
He said he was later assigned to work with Birungi before being transferred to the intelligence structure headed by Otto, while Byaruhanga remained his handler.
Lyavala told the court that Byaruhanga repeatedly sought information from him about developments in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and later complained that Otto was not acting on his intelligence reports.
The witness said he considered the disagreement an internal leadership matter and advised Byaruhanga to let senior officers resolve it.
He further alleged that Byaruhanga asked him to contact Nkalubo, whom he described as an Islamic State coordinator operating in Central Africa, to persuade three people to travel to Kampala for suicide missions. Lyavala said he rejected the proposal, arguing that it fell outside his responsibilities, but Byaruhanga continued pressing him by telephone.
Lyavala also testified that Byaruhanga later involved him and Walusansa in plans concerning women who had allegedly expressed interest in carrying out suicide attacks. They included Sumaya Byaruhanga and Azatu Sawiya, who were later killed in the incidents at Munyonyo and Kalerwe, respectively.
He said he reported developments to Byaruhanga and Nkalubo because he did not want to be accused of withholding intelligence. According to Lyavala, Byaruhanga proposed using the women to carry out explosions in Kampala, while he advocated arresting those involved.
Prosecution alleges staged bomb attacks
Lyavala recounted the events surrounding the June 3, 2025, incident at Munyonyo, saying Byaruhanga took him and Walusansa to the area before going to meet soldiers and later taking them to the Joint Anti-Terrorism Task Force (JATT) headquarters in Mbuya.
He testified that after they returned to Munyonyo, a woman arrived carrying an explosive device that detonated, killing her. Lyavala said Byaruhanga later recorded videos of the scene and claimed to have shared them with Otto and Birungi.
The testimony comes amid prosecution allegations that the Munyonyo and Kalerwe incidents were staged to create the impression of a genuine terrorist threat.
According to the prosecution, Byaruhanga called a meeting at Gowers Hotel in Namulanda, where he allegedly briefed Lyavala and Walusansa about a suicide mission.
Court documents further allege that Byaruhanga facilitated the pair to rent a house in Kinaawa, Nateete, arranged for two women from Busoga to be transported to Kampala for the missions, and linked them to Anthony Ssekalaala, who allegedly manufactured the improvised explosive devices.
Prosecutors allege that on June 3, 2025, Byaruhanga drove Lyavala and Walusansa to Munyonyo and told them he had contacted JATT officers, who believed they were responding to a genuine operation.
The prosecution further alleges that Lyavala brought Sumaya Byaruhanga from Busoga and that she detonated an explosive device at Munyonyo, killing herself.
On June 21, 2025, Sawiya Azatu was shot dead at Kalerwe after Byaruhanga allegedly alerted JATT that she was carrying two bombs intended for detonation at the market.
The prosecution maintains that investigations established that the incidents had been staged to instil fear among the public and the state. Byaruhanga has denied the charges, which remain before the court.
Last week, the General Court Martial convicted Lyavala and Walusansa on two counts of murder linked to the Munyonyo incident during the June 3 Martyrs Day celebrations and the attempted attack at Kalerwe market on June 21, 2025. The two had pleaded guilty to the murder charges.
Prosecutor Lt Regina Nanzala has asked the court to impose the death penalty, arguing that the two killed innocent women and that a severe sentence is necessary to protect public safety. Defence lawyer Maj Simon Busagwa Nsubuga has asked the court for leniency.
The court is continuing to hear the case against Byaruhanga, who is accused of masterminding the alleged staged security operations following disagreements with his superiors.